Brad Anderson from Cloudant, a CouchDB in the cloud provider, has introduced a new clustering mechanism for CouchDB. In their post they describe their solution:
Cloudant makes use of partitions for sharding data. Picture a ring of partitions that each are responsible for a range of the data. The partitions, sometimes referred to as virtual nodes or vnodes, are placed on separate physical nodes as the primary means of distribution.
This mechanism is used prominently in other NoSQL databases such as Amazon's Dynamo, Project Voldemort and Cassandra to name a few.
With this feature Cloudant is promoting that the solution is masterless, horizontally scalable and transparent to the application. Fortunately, for those using CouchDB, Cloudant's CEO Alan Hoffman has indicated that this feature will be released via GitHub (see this post, slide 19).
Read more: Dynamo and CouchDB Clusters